A higher c-factor indicates what characteristic of a pipe?

A higher c-factor indicates a smoother pipe. In the context of fluid mechanics and pipe flow, the c-factor (or coefficient of friction) is a measure of how much resistance a fluid experiences as it moves through a pipe. A smoother pipe surface will have less friction, allowing for easier flow, and consequently, a higher c-factor value.

This is crucial in water distribution systems where maintaining efficient flow is necessary to reduce energy consumption and minimize pressure loss. A smoother pipe will contribute to less turbulence and energy loss, promoting better flow characteristics in a given system. Thus, when evaluating the performance of pipes in a water system, a higher c-factor is indicative of a more efficient and smoother internal surface.